New Release: 0 A.D. Release 28: Boiorix

Wildfire Games, an international group of volunteer game developers, proudly announces the release of 0 A.D. Release 28: “Boiorix”, the twenty-eighth version of 0 A.D., a free, open-source real-time strategy game of ancient warfare. The release is named after the king of the Cimbri Germanic tribe Boiorix.

Easy download and install

Download and installation instructions are available for Windows, Linux, and macOS. 0 A.D. is free software. This means you can download, redistribute, modify and contribute to the application under the same licenses: GNU Public Licence version 2 (GPL v2) for code and Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 3.0 (CC-BY-SA 3.0) for artwork. Although you might find some people selling copies of 0 A.D., either over the internet or on physical media, you will always have the option to download 0 A.D. completely gratis, directly from the developers. No “freemium” model, no in-game advertising, no catch.

How to Download 0 A.D. Instructions for Windows Instructions for Linux Instructions for OS X

Don’t forget to deactivate every mod before updating the game to avoid any risk of conflict. If you’re a mod creator, please look at this page on how to port your mod to the new version. As always, feel free to reach out to us for assistance.

Now is the time to contribute!

The Release 28 is our first release without the Alpha label: our development process has matured, our releases are more frequent, and our commitment to quality has never been higher. Now is the time to join us and place 0 A.D. in the spotlight. We need your help to make the game flourish and to bring new features to life.

As you can see, this release unfortunately comes without a video trailer. It is difficult for the current team to spread the word about our beloved game. We are in sore need of contributors in the following areas:

  • Video Editing
  • Social Media Management
  • Website Design

Of course, we are also always looking for, and providing a welcoming contribution environment, for:

  • Testers and Quality Assurance enthusiasts
  • Translators (get started right away on Transifex)
  • and of course, Developers and Artists – the team will gladly welcome contributions in all areas.

You can also support us by simply donating. This allows us to pay the server hosting fees for our multiplayer, websites, and development environments.

A new faction: the Germans

Terror Germanicus, the fear of the Germanic tribes migrating south, from the Jutland region, towards the Roman Republic, is coming to 0 A.D. in Release 28.

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The Cimbri were a large group of Germanic peoples originally from the north of modern-day Denmark. In the late 2nd century BC, their migration south into Italy and France would spark the decade-long Cimbrian War against the Roman Republic. Accompanied by powerful armies and seeresses, Germanic convoys, in long trains of wagons, brought livestock, shelter and goods. The Cimbri placed great importance on animals for religious sacrifices.

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In 0 A.D., we represent the nomadic coalition formed between the Cimbri, the Teutones, the Ambrones, and other Celto-German tribes simply as the "Germans". The Germans are a semi-nomadic civilization with a flexible economy owing to Supply Wagons and Wagon Encampments, which can be fortified. The unique technologies "Wagon Trains" and "Migratory Resettlement" lean into this flexibility, reducing dependence on territorial boundaries. The Germans also feature an aggressive lineup of siege units, with a crush-dealing unit available in each phase. Between their economic flexibility and unique military units, Cimbrian raiders, Log Rams, and Seeresses, the Germans are a mysterious force to be reckoned with.

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Play with this new faction, against their historical Roman foes, or turn history around by making them battle the 14 other factions of the game. Many other novelties await you in the new release of 0 A.D.!

Top new features of Release 28

  • Gendered Civilians
  • Direct Font Rendering
  • Support for JavaScript Modules
  • New Game-Setup Options
  • Lobby improvements
  • Engine upgrades and updated platform support
  • New quotes and tips
  • Various balancing improvements
  • … and much more!

Gendered Civilians

In an effort to improve historical consistency, we have replaced the visual appearance of civilian units. Previously described as a "female citizen", the basic economic unit is now called the "civilian" and has male and female models.

two-gendered-citizens.jpg

This enhancement was made possible by incremental improvements of the engine, which now allows a unit to have variants not only in its appearance, but also in its voice and in other gendered characteristics.

In the civilizations displayed in the game, women did not usually hold citizenship, which was a prized social status. The "female citizen" was a misnomer. It was also incorrect to display all men as soldiers, and most women as servants. Instead, we want to describe the armies of 0 A.D. as followed by a group of minions of lower social status, able to support the soldiers in the army camp, but not on the battlefield. Those are the new Civilians. Citizens, on the other hand, were soldiers, able to wage war as well as working, which we have always been accurately describing in the game with the citizen-soldier concept. The ambiguity of the term "citizen" is removed: this word now only describes citizen soldiers.

This change does not touch the balance of the game at all. The so-called "female citizens" keep all their statistics, only their appearance and name have changed. The citizen soldiers are not touched at all.

Direct Font Rendering

In order to display text, we used to pre-render fonts and load them into memory when starting the game. In order to display scripts such as Chinese, we needed to load a large atlas of thousands of characters into memory, which could overwhelm the players' RAM. As a consequence, we were forced to provide East Asian languages as mods, which was an accessibility issue for non-English speaking users of these languages.

On top of memory management improvements, we now use the Freetype library in the engine to render fonts on the fly when the game runs. Modding the fonts also becomes far easier with this new feature.

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This new rendering system also improves the text display with GUI scaling, for users with Hi-DPI screens or who simply wish to use a larger interface.

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In the future, we hope to also use this feature to render ancient scripts, such as hieroglyphs and cuneiform.

New Game-Setup Options

New personalization options are available in the game setup screen.

You can remove some players entirely (removing all of the initial buildings and units in their starting zone) in Skirmish and Scenario games.

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It is also possible to set the population limit per team:

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Lastly, some code refactoring allowed us to fix outstanding bugs in the game setup. For instance, in Alpha 27, a recurring issue would create an unwanted flood event in games where the user had previously played a flood game. This issue has been fixed.

Lobby improvements

The multiplayer lobby received some quality of life improvements. Verifying TLS certificates is now enabled by default when connecting to the multiplayer lobby, reducing the risk of man-in-the-middle attacks. A secure connection to the lobby will become mandatory in future releases, so please check that TLS encryption and certificate verification are not disabled in your settings, and report any issue you may encounter.

It is also more straightforward now to host matches, as there is no need to decide whether to use STUN or not; and a bug causing freezes when joining a match got fixed.

We have decided to rename the main menu entry for playing with friends over LAN or by direct IP: now called Multiplayer > Connect by IP, it is still the same system for direct matchmaking without using the lobby.

Engine upgrades and updated platform support

In Release 28, we have upgraded the SpiderMonkey JavaScript engine to version 128. This upgrade drops support for Windows 7 and 8.1, and for macOS below 10.15. Windows 10 and 11 are now the only supported Windows versions, and we will try our best to keep supporting Windows 10 as long as possible.

Still on Windows, we now provide a long-awaited 64-bit build, which should address infrequent out-of-memory errors. The 64-bit version will become the default one for the next release, and the 32-bit build will eventually be deprecated in the future.

On Linux distributions, special care is always given to release bundles for package maintainers, but we also walked the extra mile to provide an AppImage in official releases, starting with Release 28. We are also working close together with maintainers of the Snap and Flatpak versions, so that you can enjoy the latest release as soon as we get it out.

New quotes and tips

Our contributor manowar has brought gifts for the history nerds among you with a dozen new quotes in the game load screen, and, together with Vantha, they have added new tips for both beginners and seasoned players.

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Balancing improvements

General

Capturing

  • Structure, Civil Center, and Fortress default (ungarrisoned) capture resistance increased from 0.5, 5, 10, to 5, 30, and 45, respectively.
  • Civilians (formerly Women) given a capture attack of 1.0.

Naval Warfare

  • Naval technology tree simplified.
  • Scout ships made available in Village phase.
  • Ship balancing: Ram ships, scout ships nerfed; Fire ships, arrow ships buffed. Scout ships range 37 (from 45). Fire ships 175 wood, 50 food, 50 metal -> 100 wood, 0 food, 50 metal. Arrow ships 120 wood, 100 metal -> 100 wood, 100 metal, acceleration increased by 25%. Ram ships 350 hack, 70 crush damage -> 320 hack, 50 crush damage.

Group Movement

  • Units' destinations are distributed around the endpoint, allowing groups to move cohesively without colliding and forming long lines.

Champion Cavalry

  • Melee Champion Cavalry HP decreased from 300 to 260.
  • Cataphract Champion Cavalry +2 Hack and Pierce armor, but speed decreased from 17.1 to 14.4.

Miscellaneous

  • 3 traders are no longer required for researching Diaspora.
  • Fortress accuracy increased from 2.0 to 1.25.
  • Elephants +1 pierce armor, +0.5m splash range.
  • Longsword champions +2 splash hack damage damage, but -2 direct hack damage.

Faction-specific

Carthage

  • New civilization bonus: Stone gathering storehouse technologies are free and instant with each phase.
  • Mercenary refactoring and differentiation. The Celtic embassy trains sword cavalry and infantry.The Iberian embassy trains unique ranged infantry mercenaries. The Italic embassy trains spear cavalry and infantry.
  • New civilization bonus: Numidian cavalry +10% movement speed.

Han – Minister rework

  • Minister attack removed.
  • Minister garrison aura and ministry garrison aura removed.
  • Minister economy and building auras increased from 2% to 10%, but ranged reduced from 40 meters to 20 meters. This is no longer stackable.
  • Minister health and armor reduced to 50 HP, 2 hack, 2 pierce armor.
  • Ministers and Ministry available in village phase instead of town phase.
  • Ministry cost reduced from 200 stone, 200 metal to 50 wood, 200 stone, 50 metal.
  • Reduced cost of ministry technologies.
  • Ministry resource trickle removed.

Mauryas

  • Mauryan maiden archers and swordsmen differentiation.
  • Maiden archers increased movement speed, decreased range, decreased damage, increased poison damage, cost reduced to 100 wood 90 metal.
  • Maiden guard increased movement speed, decreased health, decreased pierce armor, increased hack armor, cost reduced to 100 food 90 metal.

Full list of changes

The full list of changes can be found at the changelog page of the wiki.

Team Changes

After numerous contributions in many areas of the game, especially the user interface and the game simulation, Vantha has joined the team at the beginning of the preparation of Release 28. We are extremely happy to welcome him!

Reporting issues

If you experience a technical problem with the game, please report it at gitea.wildfiregames.com. This is also the first address to visit when you wish to dedicate some of your time to help patch the code. Got any further questions or suggestions? Discuss them with other players and developers at the forum or talk with us directly in the IRC chat rooms: #0ad and #0ad-dev on QuakeNet.

Subscribe

See our LinkTree. For press/media inquiries, please DM play0ad@mastodon.social on Mastodon, or email webmaster at wildfiregames dot com.

Patch Release 27.1 for 0 A.D.

Wildfire Games is proud to announce the release of the Patch Release A27.1 for 0 A.D. Alpha 27: “Agni”. This is the first patch release of 0 A.D., made possible by the new development environment put into place last year.

Easy download and install

Download and installation instructions are available for Windows, Linux, and macOS. 0 A.D. is free software. This means you can download, redistribute, modify and contribute to the application under the same licenses: GNU Public Licence version 2 (GPL v2) for code and Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 3.0 (CC-BY-SA 3.0) for artwork. Although you might find some people selling copies of 0 A.D., either over the internet or on physical media, you will always have the option to download 0 A.D. completely gratis, directly from the developers. No “freemium” model, no in-game advertising, no catch.

How to Download 0 A.D. Instructions for Windows Instructions for Linux Instructions for OS X

What is a patch release?

A patch release is a minor release of 0 A.D., bringing a few selected fixes from the development version into the latest release of the game. All fixes of the patch release are already present in the development version (the future Release 28).

There are two important aspects to a patch release:

  1. Patch releases are OOS-compatible with major releases. If your friend has not heard about the patch release, or cannot install it for whatever reason, they should still be able to play multiplayer with you. This limits the kind of fixes we can include in a patch release.
  2. Patch releases are prepared on the side, and do not take precedence over our work towards the next major release. We prepare and provide patch releases as our resources allow. This limits the scale of the fixes we can include in a patch release.

Changelog

Here are the changes included in A27.1:

  • a fix for the large performance issue observed by some players on older hardware
  • several small performance improvements in the calculation of simulation hashes (related to multiplayer stuttering)
  • fixed support of Windows 7
  • a fix for modifying your lobby password when you have an uppercase letter in your username
  • a fix for the distorted 3D models with GPU Skinning
  • fixes for crashes with Vulkan and/or with GPU Skinning
  • a fix for changing player perspective in replays
  • a fix for an out-of-memory crash in the JS engine when generating random maps
  • a fix for the game crash on pressing Fn key
  • a fix for a crash in Atlas when the map generation fails
  • a fix for a memory leak in the renderer
  • fixes for multiplayer port forwarding
  • package fixes for Linux desktop environments
  • various build fixes for Linux (some sent by package managers)

Thanks to all the community for your continued support and enthusiasm, which allow us to deliver these updates!

Reporting issues

If you experience a technical problem with the game, please report it at gitea.wildfiregames.com. This is also the first address to visit when you wish to dedicate some of your time to help patch the code. Got any further questions or suggestions? Discuss them with other players and developers at the forum or talk with us directly in the IRC chat rooms: #0ad and #0ad-dev on QuakeNet.

Subscribe

See our LinkTree. For press/media inquiries, please DM @play0ad on Bluesky or webmaster at wildfiregames dot com.

New Release: 0 A.D. Alpha 27: Agni

Wildfire Games, an international group of volunteer game developers, proudly announces the release of 0 A.D. Alpha 27: “Agni”, the twenty-seventh and last alpha version of 0 A.D., a free, open-source real-time strategy game of ancient warfare. The release is named after the Hindu god of fire Agni (pronounced: /ˈɐgnɪ/).

Trailers

YouTube:



PeerTube:



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0 A.D. Development Report: May – August 2019

Written by: Sundiata

Wildfire Games, the international group of volunteers developing 0 A.D. : Empires Ascendant, is happy to present its latest development report.
If you want to find out more about the development of this open-source, cross-platform real-time strategy game or if you are interested in game development in general, it might provide an interesting read.

If you want to be part of this project, feel free to visit our forums and join our active community, or just grab a task from our list of open tickets and get right to it. We are currently looking for Programmers, Animators and Artists.

Continue reading

0 A.D. is participating in FOSDEM!

This year again, 0 A.D. will be at FOSDEM, in Brussels, this weekend! FOSDEM is “a free event for software developers to meet, share ideas and collaborate”. It attracts thousands of people and we hope to make 0 A.D. known to all of them.

We are going in full force to the 2019 edition. bb, Itms, implodedok, plumo and vladislavbelov will be present at our stand, level of building K. We will have a lot of goodies for you! Additionally, vladislavbelov will give the closing talk of the Graphics devroom on Saturday afternoon, and Itms will give a lightning talk on Sunday around noon. Don’t hesitate to see other talks, but do save these slots in your personal schedule!

If you cannot, unfortunately, make it to the event, live broadcasts and video recordings of the talks will be made available by the FOSDEM organizers. We will also share some photos of our booth on social media. Here’s to an awesome weekend!

Goodies picture

Goodies await!

Re-release of 0 A.D. Alpha 23 Ken Wood

Wildfire Games, an international group of volunteer game developers, is happy to announce the re-release of 0 A.D. Alpha 23 “Ken Wood”, the twenty-third alpha version of 0 A.D., a free, open-source real-time strategy game of ancient warfare.

This version is a maintenance release. Blocking bugs were fixed and security and legal issues were addressed. The gameplay remained untouched, and both versions of Alpha 23 are multiplayer-compatible; however we advise you to upgrade to benefit from the following fixes.

The team wishes to apologize for the delay in re-releasing. We have addressed other issues whenever we couldn’t make more progresses on the game itself, so the re-release has not been a completely negative procedure.

Easy Download and Install

Download and installation instructions are available for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X.

0 A.D. is free software. This means you are free to download, redistribute, modify and contribute to the application under the same licenses (GPL v2 or a later version for code and Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 3.0 for artwork, see license).

Although you might find some people selling copies of 0 A.D., either over the internet or on physical media, you will always have the option to download 0 A.D. completely gratis, directly from the developers. No “freemium” model, no in-game advertising, no catch.

How to Download 0 A.D.
Instructions for Windows
Instructions for Linux
Instructions for macOS

Continue reading

Happy New Year!

All the members of Wildfire Games wish you a Happy New Year 2018. May it be full of wonderful surprises and of achievements in your projects and personal lives!

As for 0 A.D., the year ended with a great recognition from our community of players and followers: we were awarded a Honourable Mention in IndieDB’s Indie of the Year competition! This is the best we can achieve considering we already made it to the top 5 in 2012 and cannot be ranked again… unless we enter the Released category! Be sure that we are headed towards that direction.

We are looking forward to all the new things happening to the game in 2018 and we thank you, old-timers and newcomers in the community alike, for being a part of it.

Interview of tonto_real

Interview of tonto_real – 17/06/03
by Sting


63 year-old Ken Wood is one of 0 A.D.’s elderly members, but nevertheless one of the most passionate! Can you believe that he fell in love with his Mexican wife Rosa the first time their eyes crossed? And that initially they could not understand each other because neither could understand the language of the other? If you cannot, then think again – the couple are still happily married and have three children and twelve grandchildren!

And on top of that, _real has served in the military and enjoyed the position of leader of one of the most prominent Age of Kings clans. Incredible, isn’t it? About all these things, as well as many more from Ken’s extraordinary life, you can read in his interview.

You were a co-founder and first Emperor of the Tonto Clan. Why did you resign from this position of prominence?

Not long after _JB and I had formed the clan, which seemed to grow by “leaps and bounds”, I had a “vision” of what I thought the clan could become as a “virtual empire” on the Internet. The Queen had promulgated our basic core philosophy for conduct online in the immortal words of, “Thou shalt not flame!.” And we had adopted the medieval idea, because of AoK, that we were a “feudal hierarchy”. I then got the idea that I wanted to steer the clan toward development of “Fiefs” of the realm which other members would put_up, perhaps also just learning to do HTML, to expand the holdings of the clan into any areas that were of interest to us, pages if you will, that were all tied to our home page as well as our forums.

So, I drew up “thePlan” and circulated it via e-mail to all members. It was an ambitious plan, but people seemed to like it and soon went to work on it and they became the “Barons” of the clan. Our interviewer himself is a Baron of the Tonto Clan, my long-time buddy, Tonto_Sting.

Subsequently other “offices” were added as seemed appropriate and largely based on what people were doing for the clan. Sometime later in May I believe, unbeknownst to me that it was going to happen, the members of the clan proclaimed me as their Emperor.

About another year went by, and while the clan grew large and weathered through many “struggles”, we managed to accomplish to a great extent that original dream that I’d had for the building of our virtual empire. One should know that I personally have no online computer skills other than I am a “Tommy Talkalot”, so in every case, whether it was the building of a virtual fief on line or promoting the use of a forum, that was done by someone else to their great credit and not just mine alone, to the credit of the clan working together. As the 2nd Emperor placed prominently at the top of Tonto’s boards once upon a time, Tonto Clan is all about people.

The time came when I saw that for most intents and purposes my goals had been fulfilled, so I decided to “step down”. I did so for several reasons. One was to place the reins of the empire into another man’s hands that I had learned to trust implicitly and admire for the manner in which he had risen to the challenge of enhancing his own online skills which were far greater than I possessed. Two was to demonstrate to the clan and to the gaming community of clans that there can be and that there was a peaceful transition of power, and three, that a man need not, if he has a strongly developed personality of his own, just hang onto power to the bloody end, and that what he has “built” if good, will honourably succeed him, which it has. Sometime after I retired from the Emperorship, my successor, proclaimed with the support of the membership, that I am the Patriarch of the Tonto Empire… and I am pleased by that. ?

You have met a few fellow Tonto members in real life. How does it feel?

Well, just like getting together with old friends, though you may indeed be seeing each other for the first time, and that’s the fact.

How did you become interested in joining WFG?

LOL, my interviewer “bird_dogged” me that there were some interesting things going on “over there”… by posting about what the guys at WFG were doing on Tonto’s Merry-Go-Round forum. They were still a bunch of “modders” back then, Autumn of 2001, but what they’d done under Wijitmaker’s lead was produce the Rome at War Modpack for AoK. That changed the meso-american civs into Romans and Greeks and I installed it and loved playing the Aztecs as Romans whereas I’d not before wanted to play the Aztecs at all! And then they were talking about and sort of working towards doing a total mod for every civ in the game that would take AoK back to AoE times! THAT was of super interest because a year before that we’d have a forum on Tonto Clan’s boards that was called Future RTS Games and a group of us had worked together for months trying to put together a “design” that we hoped we could use to convince Ensemble Studios to use to do a remake of AoE/RoR bringing it up to AoK standards, and then some. Well, when ES announced, no, they were going to make AoM that forum “died”. So, hearing, reading that, really resurrected my interest! Then earliest on into 2002 when I saw that Wijit was again taking a leadership role in promoting the idea of making an entirely new game called 0 A.D., because interest in AoK itself was waning, I sent him everything that I could find of what we had earlier done and later got so involved with it myself that I joined the team not long after my favourite interviewer did.

How do you find the time to balance between Tonto and 0 A.D.?

LOL again. I don’t! I’m so wrapped up in the design process for 0 A.D. that it eats up just about all of my available time. But while the preponderance of that does go to working on 0 A.D., I do have to get back to Tonto’s boards every couple days or so for awhile so I can keep up with what my friends are up to, have some great laughs, ponder a question and post a sage answer, *wink* and stuff like that. Tonto for Tontos is always “Home”, and once a Tonto, always a Tonto.

How do you cope with all those “kids” that you encounter in Tonto and WFG? Have they ever followed your words of wisdom?

You might have also asked have I ever followed their words of wisdom. And the answer to both questions is, “Yes!”

You are an expert on Celtiberians. Has this got anything to do with your living close to the Mexican border?

Guffaws! Nary a bit, but how clever of you to sneak in that you know about where I live! At one time I would have said that I’m an expert on Celtiberians simply because I had studied the Celtics at depth, but now I would be more likely to claim that I’ve become an expert on the Iberians and tell you that the “Celtiberians” were merely one group of tribes that existed in the peninsula of those times amongst many others who also had claim to fame, though that is not so well known in the broader context of the “western world” outside of Spain and Portugal.

I’ve learned so MUCH of the history of places and peoples just resultant to having gotten interested in it more through playing AoK, learned so much more that I didn’t know from the books I’ve gone out and gotten to read, the discussions on Tonto’s and HG’s forums, from my mates, my pardners, and of course because of the challenges brought forth by also becoming involved in the making of 0 A.D. as a genuinely historically-based game. But back to the question as regarding Iberians which will be one of the civs featured in the game, I am especially indebted to Piteas who is on our staff as a historian, himself a professional historian of Greco-Romano and Ancient Spanish History and professor at a university in Spain, for enlightening me as to many characteristics of the peoples who inhabited the Iberian Peninsula in ancient and classical times and in helping me to interpret what I’ve also found on Spanish collegiate websites. What a marvelous boon to communication with people around the world is the Internet!

You have had many different jobs. Which one(s) have you enjoyed the most?

Those I’ve had after I retired from the “pressure cooker” of professional work.

There are several I’ve had during my professional army and civilian careers of which I feel I can be justly proud of my accomplishment but that came more though un-daunting hard work and dogged determination than it did enjoyment, so doesn’t answer the question. I reckon the more mundane type things such as, the 3 years we travelled about in a motor home working flea markets, swap meets, fairs & festivals selling crafts and jewellery and stuff (and we’d have NEVER believed that we’d ever do that); doing food demonstrations in a super store part time around Christmastime to earn some extra money was fun until because I usually sold the store out of my product they made me the coordinator for all 15 “demos” and that meant a pile of paperwork to do when I got home so I quit it; and if you count unpaid “work”, too, then building Tonto Clan was fun and working on 0 A.D. is fun.

People at your age usually think of naught but peace and tranquillity. Have you got any objectives that still need to be accomplished?

Well, peace and tranquillity I’ve got, until me or “mine” are threatened in some way, then it’s pure badass old soldier warrior onetime called such as “baby killer” that you get, so I don’t just think of naught but peace and tranquillity. Objectives yet to be accomplished, lemme see over here on my desk where I’ve got some post-it notes:

1. Replace the broken window in the back of the motor home and fix a number of minor things that need fixing so that we can go to Patagonia Lake and go fishing in it again (my wife just LOVES to fish from before sun up to after dark while I explore the trails to see what’s “new” around there and read a good book).
2. Get rain gutters put around the roof eaves of the house so that there aren’t waterfalls and lakes in front of the doors when it rains even moderately.
3. Raise the cement floor in the “Arizona Room” 4 inches so that it doesn’t flood under the doors when it rains heavily during summer thunderstorms.
4. Tear out the south wall of the “craft room” at the back of the garage and replace it with a greenhouse wall so that we’ll have a conservatory for frost-tender plants when it gets cold during the winter.
5. Rip out and lay new tile on the kitchen floor because Rosa can’t stand the mustard-yellow colour that it now is.
6. Build an HO scale model railroad based on the west coast steam era of the 1930s-1950s in the Arizona room if I EVER get all of the above done.
7. Try to keep two older vehicles, Ford pickup truck and Dodge van, running FOREVER (tip, change the oil EVERY month whether you think it needs it or not).
8. Do NOT, do NOT, DO NOT go into debt in such a manner that I cannot pay for things when I get them so I am not making the fine life for someone else who is living off of MY interest just because I, like the majority of folks I know, cannot delay gratification until I CAN afford a thing or feel that I have to “keep up with the Joneses.”

Izzat enough?

I know you enjoy smokin’. Have you got any other vices?

Ummmm, well, no… except that some would claim that I’ve become a “computer potato”.

Outside Tonto and 0 A.D., what are your hobbies?

HO scale model railroading in the genre indicated above, especially of the Southern Pacific Railroad and its subsidiary Pacific Fruit Express (which my granddad worked most of his life for). I grew up during the final decades of the steam era, often living right next to or very near the tracks and was always fascinated by those BIG mutha choo-choos puffing and chugging on bye. The most astounding thing that ever happened to me in my life was when a train wreck took place right in front of me when 4 engines (albeit diesels by that time) piled up atop one another only 30 feet in front of me at the crossing where I was awaiting their passing! That was more startling than a mortar attack. As I said, my granddad was on the railroad so I got into the yards where he was the general stores foreman for the repair shops, when in high school for a time living with him us kids used to hitch a ride on the slow trains going through the yards most of the way to school. I made quite a few days-long journeys across country on the passenger trains of the Southern Pacific, Louisville and Nashville, Texas & Pacific, Missouri Pacific, Illinois Central, Great Northern Railway, and probably others (where I ALWAYS met pretty girls who made the trip ever so much more pleasant for 2 or 3 days at a time), and the last one being on a troop train (which had to stop out of town and then sneak into the Oakland disembarkation docks at 4 A.M. to avoid the Vietnam war protestors who’d been laying on the tracks—but I guess those wusses got cold and went home). The most interesting rail trips I made were on the Chihuahua al Pacifico in Mexico and the railways of Costa Rica from the capitol, San Jose, to either coast, Caribbean and Pacific. I’m a member of the Cochise & Western Model Railroad Club which has a BIG layout in a whole building of pretty good size (they have a website online), was once the vice president of that for a time years ago but then moved away, now, because of 0 A.D., LOL, sometimes miss the meetings, but have just rejoined after having moved back here in February. When I was in the Army I flew for most of my career, but yeah, it’s the trains I dig… and if you’d ever seen 6 big black monster engines belching smoke and roaring grunts aloud as they humped a heavily-loaded one-hundred plus car drag up a looooooonnnnG hill grade, why, you would have known beyond a shadow of a doubt that you were looking at sheer MUSCLE!

Other than that, just about anything to do with plants and horticulture have been a life-long interest, also mariculture and aquaculture, and I’ve long been known in my family as having been a “geography freak”. Oh yeah, I LOVE maps. Maps and imagery. And I really dug it that most of my Army career was in aerial surveillance and reconnaissance because it is so fascinating to see, discover, what human beings DO, or have done, on the terrain below. Maps are so kewell! 😀